Kalamazoo, Michigan - Lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da sabuwar na'ura mai girman gini a wannan watan, za ta fara mayar da tsaunukan kwali da aka sake yin amfani da su zuwa kwali da ya dace da marufi mai kyau ga muhalli.
Wannan aikin da ya kai dala miliyan 600 shi ne sabon layin samar da kwali na farko da aka gina a Amurka cikin shekaru da dama. Yana wakiltar babban fare na kashi 2.54% na mai shi Graphic Packaging Holding Co. GPK, yana yin fare cewa ba za a sami kofunan kumfa, kwantena na filastik ko zobe guda shida ba.
Kamfanin Graphic yana fatan samar da marufi mafi dacewa ga muhalli domin kamfanonin kayayyakin masarufi da ke sayen kayayyakinsu su iya tallata tsarin samar da kayayyaki masu tsafta ga masu zuba jari da masu amfani da su. Kamfanin ya ce da zarar Graphic ta rufe kananan injuna guda hudu marasa inganci, ciki har da daya a cikin ginin Kalamazoo mai shekaru 100, za ta yi amfani da karancin ruwa da wutar lantarki kuma za ta rage fitar da iskar gas da kashi 20%.
Kamar yadda kalmar ta ke nufi, jarin ESG ya zuba jarin tiriliyan daloli a cikin asusun da ke alƙawarin saka hannun jari don la'akari da manufofin muhalli, zamantakewa, da shugabanci. Wannan kuma ya sa kamfanin ya yi aiki tuƙuru don rage sharar gida da hayakin hayaki mai gurbata muhalli.
Graphic ta bayyana cewa zuba jarin kore ya bude kasuwa mai darajar sama da dala biliyan 6 a kowace shekara don maye gurbin filastik da takarda a kan shaguna, koda kuwa hakan na iya sa masu sayayya su ga ɗan farashi mai tsada.
Caca ta Graphic babban gwaji ne na ko tarin jarin ESG zai iya canza sarkar samar da kayayyaki. Marufi na filastik gabaɗaya ya fi rahusa fiye da takarda, ya fi tasiri a aikace-aikace da yawa, kuma wani lokacin ma yana da ƙaramin tasirin carbon. Kamfanonin samfuran masu amfani dole ne su gamsu da cewa abokan cinikinsu za su biya ƙarin kuɗi, kuma marufi na takarda hakika ya fi dacewa da muhalli.
Manajan zane-zane suna jayayya cewa ba tare da tsarin samar da kayayyaki mai tsafta ba, abokan cinikinsu ba su da damar cimma burin hayaki da sharar gida. "Yawancin waɗannan manufofin suna mamaye mu," in ji Stephen Scherger, babban jami'in kuɗi.
Dangane da masana'antun filastik, sun ce suna zuba jari a fannin sake amfani da su da kuma tattara sharar gida, kuma da zarar an yi la'akari da abubuwa kamar nauyin sufuri da kuma guje wa sharar abinci, kayayyakinsu suna da fa'ida fiye da takarda.
Kamfanin Graphic yana da hedikwata a Sandy Springs, Georgia, kuma yana sayar da kayan marufi ga manyan kamfanonin abinci, abubuwan sha da kayayyakin masarufi a Amurka: Coca-Cola da Pepsi, Kellogg's da General Mills, Nestlé da Mars., Kimberly-Clark Corp. da Procter & Gamble Co.. Kamfaninsa na sayar da akwatin giya yana samar da kusan dala biliyan 1 a kowace shekara. Yana sayar da kusan kofuna biliyan 13 kowace shekara.
Zane-zane da sauran masana'antun kwali (wani yanki na kwali guda da aka fi amfani da shi don marufi) suna aiki tuƙuru don gabatar da sabbin kayayyaki, kamar su fiber yoke don fakiti shida da faranti na abincin dare da aka ƙera daga kwali. Graphic ta sanar da shirin ƙaddamar da jerin kofuna tare da rufin ruwa don maye gurbin rufin polyethylene, mataki ɗaya kusa da babban kofin da za a iya tarawa.
Lokacin da Graphic ta sanar da shirin gina sabuwar masana'antar kwali a shekarar 2019, masu zuba jari sun fara tambayar farashi da kuma buƙatarsa. Duk da haka, jarin kore ya samu ci gaba tun daga lokacin, kuma sabbin masu zuba jari sun goyi bayan aikin.
A watan Satumba, Graphic ta sayar da dala miliyan 100 a cikin abin da ake kira takardun jinginar gida don taimakawa wajen biya. Ta sami takardar izinin mallakar gida ta hanyar shirin Michigan don haɓaka wuraren sake amfani da kayayyaki, wanda ya ba ta damar sayar da basussukan da ke ɗauke da riba ba tare da harajin tarayya da na jiha ya shafe ta ba. Serge ya ce buƙatar takardun jinginar gida ta wuce wadatar da sau 20.
A wani wuri kuma, kamfanin yana ƙara dala miliyan 100 a cikin kayan aiki a masana'antarsa da ke Texarkana, Texas, don mayar da ƙarin ɓawon itacen pine na loblolly zuwa kwali mai ƙarfi don kofuna da akwatunan giya. A watan Yuli, Graphic ta kashe dala miliyan 280 don siyan wuraren sarrafawa guda 7 waɗanda ke naɗe kwali a cikin marufi, wanda ya kawo jimillar zuwa 80. A watan Nuwamba, kamfanin ya sami mai fafatawa da dala biliyan 1.45 a Turai, inda yanayin marufi mai ɗorewa galibi shine wurin haifuwa.
Ta kashe kimanin dala miliyan 180 don motsa wurare da dama a Louisiana a ƙarƙashin rufin gida ɗaya don rage nisan da ke tsakaninsu da miliyoyin mil kowace shekara. Ta sanya tukunyar jirgi don ƙona saman bishiyoyi da sauran sharar gida daga Macon Pine Pulp Mill da ke Georgia don samar da wutar lantarki ga masana'antarta. Yawan makamashi da hayakin da masana'antun biyu na kudancin ƙasar suka fitar sun shafi tasirin carbon na karkiyar kwali da Graphic ke sayarwa a Turai don maye gurbin marufi mai raguwa.
A watan Yuli, manajan asusun hedge David Einhorn ya bayyana cewa kamfaninsa na Greenlight Capital ya riga ya mallaki dala miliyan 15 a Graphics. Greenlight ya yi hasashen cewa farashin kwali zai ci gaba da hauhawa saboda ƙarancin jarin da ake zubawa a samarwa.
"Amurka ta ƙara ƙarancin ƙarfin samar da kwali wanda matsakaicin masana'antar kwali a wannan ƙasar ya fi shekaru 30," in ji Mista Einhorn a cikin wata wasiƙa ga masu zuba jari. Ya ce ya kamata buƙatar ta ƙaru yayin da amfani da robobi da ESG ke matsa lamba don cire robobi daga sarkar samar da kayayyaki.
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, robobi sun zama ruwan dare, lokacin da ƙarancin kayan halitta ya haifar da tsere don maye gurbin roba, gami da nailan da gilashin halitta. Cire man fetur da canza su zuwa robobi yana haifar da iskar gas mai yawa. A cewar wani rahoto na 2016 da World Economic Forum, Gidauniyar Ellen MacArthur, da McKinsey suka bayar, kashi 14% ne kawai na marufin filastik ake tattarawa don sake amfani da su, kuma wani ɓangare ne kawai ake amfani da shi a ƙarshe don yin sabbin kayayyaki, yayin da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na marufin filastik ba a tattara marufin kwata-kwata. A cewar Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (Goldman Sachs Group Inc.) da aka buga a 2019, kashi 12% ne kawai na filastik ake sake amfani da su, yayin da kashi 28% ake ƙonewa kuma kashi 60% ya rage a muhalli.
Wannan bincike da aka fi ambato a shekarar 2016 ya bayyana teku a cikin mawuyacin hali, wanda kwalaben soda, jakunkunan siyayya, da zare na tufafi suka gurbata. Kowace minti, motar shara tana naɗe shara daidai da filastik a cikin ruwa. Binciken ya ce nan da shekarar 2050, ta nauyi, za a sami robobi a cikin teku fiye da kifi.
Bayan tsauraran matakan da hukumomin gwamnati suka ɗauka daga California zuwa China, masu sharhi kan hannun jari sun lissafa amfani da filastik a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan barazanar da kamfanonin kayan da aka shirya ke fuskanta. Kamfanonin da suka haɗa da Coca-Cola da Anheuser-Busch InBev sun ambaci sauyin daga filastik zuwa takarda a cikin rahotannin dorewarsu ga masu zuba jari da kamfanonin waje waɗanda ke ƙididdige maki na ESG na kamfanoni.
"Za mu ɗauki shekara guda kafin mu yi amfani da robobi kamar yadda babban kamfanin abin sha ke amfani da su cikin makonni biyu kacal," in ji babban jami'in dorewa na kamfanin samar da hatsi na Le's a wani taron zuba jari a farkon shekarar da ta gabata. Suna alfahari, saboda shugabannin kamfanin abin sha suna jiran su sayar wa masu sauraro iri ɗaya.
A shekarar 2019, shugabannin Graphics sun sanar da shirin kwace kaso na kasuwa daga robobi da kuma gina injin kwali mafi inganci da aka sake yin amfani da shi a Kalamazoo. "Ba za ku ga tsibiran takarda suna shawagi a cikin teku ba," in ji Joyost, shugaban kamfanin Graphics na Amurka, a wani taro da masu sharhi kan hannun jari.
Duk da haka, ko da kamfanoni da yawa sun yi alƙawarin rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli da rage sharar gida, yana da wuya sabbin masana'antu su sayar. Wannan babban kuɗi ne, kuma zai ɗauki shekaru biyu kafin a fara aiki da shi don samun kuɗi. A zamanin da matsakaicin lokacin riƙe hannun jari ke ƙaruwa da watanni, shekaru biyu lokaci ne mai tsawo ga masu zuba jari.
Shugaban Kamfanin Zane-zane Michael Doss (Michael Doss) ya shirya kwamitin gudanarwa don yakar wannan. "Ba kowa ne zai so wannan ba," in ji shi. "Masana'antarmu tana da tarihin faɗaɗawa da kuma rashin kyawun rarraba jari."
Asali Graphic wani sashe ne na Coors Brewing Co., Colorado, kuma akwatunan da kamfanin ya samar ba sa jikewa da manyan motoci masu sanyaya. A farkon shekarun 1990, Coors ta mayar da kasuwancin akwatinta zuwa wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na gwamnati. Saye-sayen da suka biyo baya ya ba Graphic muhimmin matsayi a yankin kudancin pine bel, inda masana'antar ta ke yin kwali daga sharar injin yanka da bishiyoyin da ba su dace da itace ba.
Kamfanin Graphic yana da kimanin haƙƙoƙin mallaka 2,400 kuma yana da aikace-aikace sama da 500 da ake jira don kare ƙirar marufi da injunan da aka sanya a layukan samar da abokan ciniki don cikewa da naɗe kwalaye.
Shugabanninta sun ce a yanzu haka abin da ake mayar da hankali a kai a bincike da ci gaba shi ne fadada amfani da kwali daga kantunan kayan abinci zuwa shagunan sayar da kayan abinci, kayayyakin noma da kuma na'urorin sanyaya giya. "Muna kai hari ga duk wani kayan filastik," in ji Matt Kearns, mai tsara marufi na Graphic.
Duk da haka, robobi sun fi kwali arha. Ci gaban da ake samu a marufi na takarda, kamar kofunan da za a iya yin takin zamani, na iya ƙara farashi. Masu kera takarda sun ƙara farashi sau da yawa a cikin shekarar da ta gabata don rama hauhawar farashinsu. Adam Josephson, mai sharhi kan takarda da marufi a KeyBanc Capital Markets, ya ce wasu masu siye suna binciken madadin kwali mai rahusa.
"Shin kamfanoni kamar Graphic za su iya sayar da kayayyaki da yawa alhali farashin ya fi na kayayyakin da suke sayarwa?" in ji Mr. Josephson. "Wannan yana da matukar matsala."
Me sauran kamfanoni za su iya koya daga aikin kare muhalli na wannan masana'anta? Shiga tattaunawar da ke ƙasa.
Ga wasu kamfanoni, ma'anar kore ita ce amfani da ƙarin filastik. Marufi na filastik ya fi kwalaye sauƙi, wanda ke nufin ƙarancin mai da ake ƙonewa yayin jigilar kaya. Yawan sake amfani da filastik yana da ƙasa kaɗan, amma haka lamarin yake ga kofunan takarda da kwantena na ɗaukar kaya, waɗanda aka yi da takarda amma kuma an haɗa su da polyethylene. Ana buƙatar tsarin masana'antu don cire ɓangaren litattafan da za a iya sake amfani da su.
Kamfanin Wendy's Co. ya bayyana cewa gidajen cin abincinsa za su zubar da kofunan takarda da aka lulluɓe da filastik a shekara mai zuwa su maye gurbinsu da filastik mai haske, kuma ya ce masu amfani da yawa za su iya sake yin amfani da su. "Wannan yana nuna yadda ake ɗaukar filastik a matsayin wata dama ta muhalli maimakon nauyi," in ji Tom Salmon, Shugaba na Berry Global Group Inc., wanda ke yin kofuna da kashi 0.66% na Berry.
Ba koyaushe takarda tana da ƙaramin tasirin carbon ba. Yin kwali yana cinye wutar lantarki da ruwa, kuma yana samar da iskar gas mai dumama yanayi.
Ɗaya daga cikin sabbin kayayyaki masu kyau na Graphic shine KeelClip. An naɗe karkiyar kwali a saman kwalbar kuma tana da ramukan yatsu. Tana maye gurbin marufi na filastik da zobba masu sassa shida cikin sauri akan shiryayyen abin sha na Turai. KeelClips suna da sauƙin sake amfani da su kamar akwatunan hatsi. Graphic ya ce tasirin carbon ɗinsu kusan rabin marufi ne kawai, wanda shine hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita wajen marufi da giya a Turai.
Graphic ta kawo KeelClip zuwa Amurka, inda ta fuskanci madaurin roba mai sassa shida da ke ko'ina. Wannan zoben mai sassa shida yana da arha kuma yana da sauƙi kamar gashin fuka-fuki, kodayake yana jurewa a matsayin alamar cin zarafin ɗan adam ga yanayi tsawon shekaru da yawa. Tsararrun ɗaliban makaranta na Amurka sun ga hotunan dabbobin daji da aka kama.
KeelClip ba ya buƙatar amfani da marufi mai yawa na filastik yayin jigilar kaya, kuma da wuya ya toshe bakin dolphin. Duk da haka, Graphic ya bayyana cewa sawun carbon na KeelClip—adadin hayakin da ake fitarwa a kowane mataki na kera shi da rarraba shi—ya ɗan fi na zoben guda shida.
A cewar Sphera, wani kamfanin ba da shawara na ESG da Graphic ya ɗauka aiki don yin nazarin marufi, kowanne KeelClip yana samar da gram 19.32 na carbon dioxide, yayin da zoben filastik ɗin yake da gram 18.96.
Graphic ta bayyana cewa tana aiki tukuru don magance wannan matsalar. DiamondClip, wanda aka fi sani da EnviroClip, yana kan gaba wajen haɓakawa. Kamfanin ya bayyana cewa yana da ƙarfi sosai don ɗaukar giya shida masu gumi, amma yana da sauƙi don samun sawun carbon na rabin zoben filastik kawai.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-05-2022